Congestion Charging:   Challenges and Opportunities

This paper presents a brief overview of several congestion charging systems in use, reviews the benefits and challenges of the strategy and presents best practice recommendations for policy makers and planners globally who are considering congestion charging. It considers congestion charging experiences in London, Singapore and Stockholm, as well as a Hong Kong pilot program that did not lead to full‐scale implementation. In addition, it describes the results of an ICCT‐sponsored study of the otential for congestion charging in Santa Clara County, California, an area representative of less concentrated development patterns.